![]() The C-H bond is highly covalent and alkanes are very non-polar.Common examples of alkanes are methane, ethane, propane, butane, and octane.Alkane substituents are called alkyl groups, which refers to alkanes lacking a C-H bond such as methyl, ethyl, or propyl. In hydrocarbons, the only types of intermolecular interactions are London dispersion forces and their boiling points tend to be quite low, relative to molecules containing more polar functional groups.Īlkanes are hydrocarbons containing no multiple bonds. The hydrocarbon functional groups are very non-polar and tend to be extremely weak acids. Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Rings That will help you understand their properties and help you think about how they behave in chemical reactions. Learning functional groups will be a matter of connecting those names to general structures.Īnother good way to get to know functional groups is to think about the relative electronegativities of the elements in each group. The good news is that you’ve already learned a lot of functional group names without trying too hard. In the beginning of the course, being presented with a list of 20-25 functional groups to remember might seem like a lot. ![]() This is by no means an exhaustive list, but it’s at least a good start. Note that “ R” is a placeholder for a generic carbon substituent.Ī second group of slightly less commonly encountered functional groups are here. Here are some of the most commonly encountered functional groups.
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